The Journey (and Death) of the water

As we look back at our ancient civilisations, from Egypt to the Indus, evolve and grew at the river banks, for various reasons.

For example, Mesopotamia civilisation developed along the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers in the Middle East. The Nile river in Egypt had been home to settlements as early as 5500 BCE. Another great civilisation developed along the Indus river around 3300 BCE. And so on.

They tended to grow up along the rivers for various reasons, like availability of water for agriculture, fish, easy water ways etc.

But this is also a fact that first war over water was fought around 2400 BC between two states in Sumer (now Southern Iraq). So, do we say that water over which civilisations evolved was also the cause of destruction? we will wait to make this statement.

Over a period of time, the populations started overgrowing the availability of water and they started managing this precious resource by ways of constructing dams, reservoirs, purification etc. However, we have run into unintended problems. That includes environmental impacts of our water usage, growing political conflicts, and enormous effect of global climate change that has started impacting our precious water resources.

There was also another effect of water on human lives. It was in 1850s that we learnt that disease like Cholera spread through contaminated water. Then we devised ways to treat the water to provide safe water to all.

Well, really? Have we been able to provide safe drinking water to ALL, and good sanitation? The UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 emphasizes the provision of safe water and sanitation to everyone by year 2030.

There is another angle to it which needs mention here. We have been taking all the water from rivers, lakes and ground water, and dried these: we have been destroying our wetlands and natural ecosystems; that is why most of the endangered species of animals and plants come from aquatic systems.

Sadly, we have also seen politicizing the water issues, irrespective of boundaries, or borders.

Another challenge that this precious resource has been facing is the massive climate change the globe over. With the temperatures rising, the demand for water will increase. There are likely to be more floods, and droughts worldwide.

Hence it is high time that we address this issue in a timely manner. It is possible by overcoming political, economic and institutional barriers to the issue. We must set our policies right to protect our ecosystems, revive rivers and lakes, stop destruction of wetlands. And this message needs to be conveyed and worked upon right from the personal levels, though our backyards, through kitchens, up to the institutional levels.

And now is the right time to ask this question.

So, do we say that water over which civilisations evolved would also be the cause of their destruction?

We know the answer if we do not act.

(part of the idea of the content has been borrowed from TOI Evoke)

Sushil Bhatia

Chief Editor

Gardening in November

Winters are round the corner. The cool breeze, romantic atmosphere, time to sit with a morning hot cup of tea or coffee to enjoy in the winter sun too. Be it in the balcony or garden.

But you have some busy times regarding planting of annuals, be it flowers or vegetables, to enjoy more.

How to Grow Winter Flower Seeds ?

The ideal temperature for these winter flowers is 10° to 25° Celcius. Buy good quality flower seeds and sow them around 1 inch deep in the potting mix. You can sow them in regular soil also. But for the best germination rate, use 70% vermicompost with 30% sand or cocopeat. Note: While sowing, ensure that seeds don’t overlap each other.

Best time to sow winter flower seeds is right before the winter sets in. So October to November is the ideal sowing period.

After 15 to 20 days, you notice that seedlings have grown to about 3-4 inches tall. At this point, they can be transplanted to the potting mix.

Some seeds can be planted directly on the ground or containers.

For potting mix use 30% organic compost/vermicompost, 20% fine sand, and 50% Normal soil.

Note: Make sure the pot is at least 6 inches deep so that roots can grow easily

We had sowed some  seeds last month.Saplings have to be transplanted now so they get settled before winter sets in.

They will get enough time to get hardened.

As watering needs to be less so restrict watering. Water only when required.

Watering should be done in the morning. Wash the dew from plants to protect from sunburn .

Evening watering is not advisable but if required then water around 3to 4 pm ,so sufficient time is there to drain and dry.No plant likes wet feet.

• Wet feet can result in root rots
• Apply mulch if the weather cools.
• Regular monthly application of fertilisation is essential.
• Plants need 4-6 hours of direct sunlight which is necessary for better flowering.
• Some plants need pinching for bushy growth and more branches.
• Growing your own plants requires love, dedication, care and patience.
• Select a few varieties in the beginning may be just 3 to 4 varieties and which are hardy and require less attention.

When you succeed, graduate to more varieties.

Same goes for bulbs starting with freesias ,liliums,ixias and so on.

It will take around 2 months for a flower to bloom from a seed.Though some may take more  time to bloom.

Apply mulch to protect your plants from frost.Applying mulch to soil will protect frost and provide required warmth.

Some suggestions for winter season flowers are

Besides these try some seeds from your kitchen like

Poppy, Nigella, Til, Aniseed.

They will attract lots of butterflies and small birds . Spray bio enzymes regularly to keep pests away.

Happy Gardening.

Rama Tyagi

tyagirama1@gmail.com.

CAULIFLOROUS TREES

Cauliflorous trees are a unique type of tree that produce their flowers and fruits directly on the trunk or branches, rather than at the tips of the branches like most other trees. This adaptation is often seen in tropical rainforests and allows these trees to attract pollinators or disperse their seeds more effectively. Here are some examples of cauliflorous trees:

1. **Cacao Tree (Theobroma cacao)**: Cacao trees produce cocoa pods directly on their trunks and larger branches. These pods contain cocoa beans used to make chocolate.

2. **Breadfruit Tree (Artocarpus altilis)**: Breadfruit trees bear their large, starchy fruits on their trunks and branches. The fruit is a staple food in many tropical regions.

3. **Durian Tree (Durio)**: Some durian species are cauliflorous, with their distinctive, strong-smelling fruits growing directly on the trunk. Durian is known as the “king of fruits” in Southeast Asia.

4. **Jackfruit Tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus)**: Jackfruit trees produce the largest fruit of all trees, and these fruits develop directly on their trunks and branches. The fruit is often used in vegetarian dishes.

5. **Cannonball Tree (Couroupita guianensis)**: This tree is known for its large, round fruits that resemble cannonballs. These fruits grow directly on the trunk and have a unique appearance.

6. **Ramón Tree (Brosimum alicastrum)**: The ramón tree produces its edible seeds, known as “breadnuts,” on its trunk and branches. These seeds have been used as a food source for centuries.

7. **Jaboticaba Tree (Plinia cauliflora)**: Jaboticaba trees are famous for their grape-like fruits that grow directly on their trunks. They are native to Brazil and are used to make jellies and wines.

Cauliflorous trees have fascinating adaptations that make them stand out in the plant kingdom. Their ability to bear fruit on the trunk or branches is a testament to nature’s diversity and ingenuity.

There are many other examples you see around  ,observe and add to the list.

Happy Gardening

Rama Tyagi

tyagirama1@gmail.com 

Cranberry Hibiscus Chutney Recipe

Discover the culinary delights and health benefits of the Cranberry Hibiscus with this unique chutney recipe. The Cranberry Hibiscus is a fast-growing shrub variety of hibiscus, boasting maroon-colored leaves and flowers that are not only edible but also packed with goodness for your well-being.

Health Benefits:

• Lowers high blood pressure
• Aids in reducing cholesterol levels
• Ideal for diabetics as a soothing tea
• Offers liver protection
• Contains anti-cancer properties
• Alleviates symptoms of anxiety and depression
• Assists in weight loss
• Improves digestion
• Boosts the immune system
• Enhances skin conditions

Recipe:

Ingredients:

• A handful of fresh Cranberry Hibiscus leaves
• 5-6 garlic cloves
• 2 green chillies
• Salt (to taste)
• 1/2 teaspoon of mustard oil (optional)

(Note: Adjust ingredient quantities to suit your taste preferences)

Method:

1. Start by washing the Canberra Hibiscus leaves, garlic cloves, and green chillies thoroughly.
2. Place them in a small food processor or mixer.
3. Add salt according to your taste preferences.
4. Grind the ingredients for a few seconds, avoiding the use of water. The result should be a fine, smooth chutney.
5. Transfer the chutney to a bowl.
6. If you wish, add a dash of raw mustard oil for a unique flavor. Mix it thoroughly.
7. Your delicious Canberra Hibiscus chutney is ready to elevate your culinary experience.

Serving Suggestions:

• This chutney pairs wonderfully with pakoras, rice, or chapati. Enjoy the delightful, sour and lemony flavors.

Experience the tangy and healthful wonders of Canberra Hibiscus with this delightful chutney. Share this recipe with fellow plant enthusiasts and savor the unique taste and benefits it offers.

Amrita Bharti

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

• Choose plants that are resistant to pests and diseases.
• Inspect your plants regularly for pests and diseases.
• Use biological controls, such as beneficial insects, to prevent and control pests.
• Use physical methods, such as handpicking pests, to control pests.
• Use pesticides only as a last resort.
• By following these tips, you can help to keep your plants healthy and reduce your reliance on pesticides.

TERRACING IT GREEN

Mr Naveen Kumar Jain, Dy Director QC, UP Housing Board, along with Mrs Madhavi Rao organised a meet on 08 Oct 2023 to make the residents of Ghaziabad aware about the need and importance of terrace gardening. Mrs Rama Tyagi, President Horticulture Floriculture Society, Ghaziabad, was the Chief Guest on the occasion.

About 100 residents, along with their kids and families participated in the event.

Sh DK Sharma of HFSOG demonstrated the grafting of plants with an innovative technology.

THE JOURNEY CONTINUES……

In previous few editions, we have been bringing the news on our continuing efforts towards making students and younger generations come closer to nature. And the seeds that were grown sometimes back have sprouted well in their school kitchen gardens.

Not even that, many schools have been adopted by HFSOG, under the guidance of our President, Rama Tyagi, who is spearheading this movement.

This apart, there is a plan to hold competitions amongst various schools in various categories.

Significance of Dev Diwali

Dev Diwali is a two-week festivity commemorated after the main festival of lights- Diwali. Dev Diwali is also known as Dev Deepawali or Tripurotsav. This big festival celebrates the death of the demon “Tripurasur” killed by Lord Shiva, therefore it is also referred to as Tripurotsav. Dev Diwali is observed on Shukla Pratipada during Kartik Purnima which is the first day of the bright fortnight of Margashirsha.

This year Dev Diwali falls on November 26, 2023. It is a belief that gods, goddesses, and divinities visit these popular Ghats at the time of Dev Diwali to give blessings. On Dev Diwali, gods are offered maha-naivedya of five sweetmeats and dishes. Let`s know about some important facts and the significance of Dev Diwali.

– On the occasion of Dev Diwali, each Ghat (bank of the rivers) including the Ganges in Varanasi, Rishikesh, Haridwar, and many other prominent cities solemnise this very illustrious festival and devotees lit earthen lamps, oil lamps, and diyas in riversides.

– Almost, every sacred ghat glorifies this vibrant 14-15 days festivities and enthusiasts organise notable spiritual events and cultural programs.

– Tourists and admirers come a long way (from across the world) to witness the allure of this marvellous festivity and involve themselves in ceremonial functions and sacraments including the boat ride which to welcome lords descend on the Ghats.

– Devotees also take a holy dip in the Ganges on the propitious festivity of Kartik Purnima and light Diyas and oil lamps in the evening time to get rid of all the wrongdoings and sins done in the past.

– Worshippers also perform puja and other sacraments to please Lord Shiva and other deities.

Rama Tyagi

Mulching and its advantages 

The advantages of using organic mulch to blanket soil around trees, shrubs, and perennial plants are many: Mulch moderates soil temperature and makes a more favourable environment for roots. It reduces evaporation of moisture, helping to conserve water. It reduces splashing from rain or irrigation water, reduces the spread of disease, and blocks the germination of many weed seeds. Beyond all that, a mulch dresses up your garden, giving it a more finished look.

 Several bark and wood mulches are available–bark ,hardwood mulch, and shredded mulch. Some come in bags, some in bulk. A chief advantage of these mulches compared with other organic mulches is that they remain attractive and functional for a couple of years. That’s why gardeners mulching around trees are wise to choose a long-lasting bark mulch.

The Difference Between Wood and Bark Mulch

 Any mulch with “bark” in the name must be at least 85 percent bark of that named tree. A “mulch” material, on the other hand, needs to be only 70 percent of the named material, and it may be either bark or wood. In both cases, the remaining 15 or 30 percent can be just about anything, but it is usually wood.

The primary difference is how long the mulch will last before breaking down. “Wood breaks down quicker and is more susceptible to insect damage and discoloration thank bark.

Nitrogen Deficiency

Decomposing wood requires nitrogen. If you add a quantity of, say, fresh sawdust to your garden soil, chances are your plants will suffer from a lack of nitrogen. In this case, the soil isn’t necessarily deficient, but the breakdown of the sawdust “induces” nitrogen deficiency in your plants. Wood and bark mulches can also induce nitrogen deficiency, but it isn’t likely because they decompose at such a slow rate. It’s also unlikely because they are on top of the soil, not incorporated at root depth. But if this concerns you, or if your plants show signs of nitrogen deficiency, add a 2-1-1 ratio fertiliser, such as 20-10-10, before mulching (2 to 5 kg per 500 square feet).

Agricultural By-products

Exotic mulches are usually agricultural by-products and are often (or only) available in bulk. One big advantage is their very low cost. Most are available only seasonally and only in certain areas of the country. Some examples of these include cottonseed, buckwheat, corncobs, grape pomace, pine straw, and pecan, walnut, and rice hulls.

Although many exotic mulches are attractive and less expensive to use, they can be hard to find and may attract insects, such as ants. Plus, they tend to break down quickly. 

How to Mulch

Two good rules of thumb are to mulch with 3 to 4 inches of bark mulch each season and to avoid mulch layer buildup (and potential nutrient deficiency problems) by removing old layers of undecomposed mulch before adding new layers. Coarse-textured mulches, such as shredded bark, or peanut shells can be applied However, there are variations and exceptions related to the type of plants you’re mulching and your landscape situation.

Mulching Your Plants

Whatever the type of plant, it’s rarely advised to mulch more deeply than 6 inches. Mulch layers thicker than that might reduce air circulation in the soil, which will retard plant growth. Also, don’t pile mulch around the main stem of a plant where it enters the soil. The added moisture and insect haven that results could damage the plant you’re trying to help. Spread the mulch so that it covers the “dripline” of your plant.

Annuals and Perennials

To avoid encouraging stem rot diseases, use a 2- to 3-inch layer of mulch around soft-stemmed annuals and perennials.

Trees, Shrubs, and Vines

Even around older plants with thick bark, don’t crowd mulch around their bases. Most won’t succumb to stem rot as quickly as soft-stemmed perennials, but it can happen just the same.

Vegetables

Vegetable gardeners usually prefer to use mulches that decompose more rapidly than wood and bark and add nutrients to the soil in the process. A common example is a thin layer of grass clippings. Because vegetables grow fast and prefer optimum soil conditions, a bark mulch that is tilled into the soil before it is decomposed might steal nitrogen from roots and so is best avoided. However, a bark mulch can give well-tended vegetable gardens a much more refined look.

Landscape Situation

Which mulch you choose depends on the site:

Areas Prone to Flooding: Nuggets last many years without breaking down, but they’re not useful in wet areas or on steep slopes because they float and wash away easily. Similarly, don’t use a fine particle mulch, such as rice  hulls, in windy or seasonally flooded areas since they can blow or float away easily. Of course, aesthetics may weigh heavier in your final decision. 

Slopes: On steep slopes, shredded mulch is best, and hardwood holds better than softwood. However, hardwood mulch tends to break down faster than softwood and may need to be reapplied sooner.

Pathways: For easiest walking, use shredded bark or pathway bark mulch. The irregularity of shredded bark and the small particle size of pathway bark are better for walking compared with mulches with larger particle sizes.

Amount of Mulch to Cover 100-Square-Foot AreaMulch Depth (inches)/ Amount of Mulch Needed

• 4 inches/ 34 cubic ft.
• 3 inches/ 25 cubic ft.
• 2 inches/ 17 cubic ft.

These days plastic mulch is also available which is highly beneficial and protects against pests.

Enjoy gardening 

Rama Tyagi

tyagi rama1@gmail.com

DIY CORNER

COURTESY : SHALINI GOSWAMI

DID YOU KNOW

Calendar for fruit trees plantations

No home gardening is complete without planting a few trees in your back yards or in big pots on the terrace.

Location: The fruit trees should be preferably planted on the north, north-east and north-west side in such a manner as not to shade the rest of the area, especially in winter. In the hills, they should normally be on the south or South West or West side.

A combination of quick growing and fairly quick growing fruits will enable the gardener to enjoy the fruits of his labor within a short time. Always buy grafted plants.

When to Plant Fruit trees

Planting in the late winter or early spring is generally the best time to get your new fruit trees in the ground. As long as the ground isn’t too frozen to dig a hole, you should be good to go.

Bare root stock should be planted in winter.

A good rule of thumb is to check the local nurseries in your area. If they have bare root fruit trees and other fruit plants out, then it’s time to begin planting. Your goal is to have the fruit tree/plant in the ground so the roots can get over the shock of transplanting and begin establishing their root system before the stress of summer and the work of growing leaves and fruit begin.

Summer is the best time to plant seedlings to get the best fruit. Gardener should select seedlings from reliable nurseries.

Among 10 best trees/plants are: Mango, Litchi, jackfruit, lemon/lime/orange, papaya, pomegranate, Peach, Plum, sapodilla, custard apple, Ber etc.

Here are some of the things to consider while planting fruit trees.

Planting method (how to plant)

When planting long-lived trees such as mango or rambutan, dig up to half a meter deep and wide trench. Clean the hole and remove any kind of stones, roots or wooden bushes. Mix half a kilogram of lime with the extracted soil and cover half of the pit. Then add a basket of dry dung powder, half a kilo of bone powder, neem cake and cover the pit completely. Plant a small hole in the middle of the pit. Remove the seedling cover by not damaging the roots. Then press the soil around the small hole and make sure the bottom of the seedling is watertight.

Things to note

Keep the seedling protected from heavy rain for more than a week. For that, you can use tree trunks or bolts. By then, the plant will be able to adapt to the new conditions and then remove the shade. This method can be adopted even in the middle of summer.

When planting bed or grafted seedlings, apply soil only to the top of the bedded or grafted area. Putting excess soil will not give you the benefits of bedding.

Besides these you can plant strawberries and pineapples too.

 You must treat your existing trees .

• Manuring
• Pesticide spray
• Disease prevention by foliar spray and roots treated.

Some stems of trees need painting or cover.

Happy Gardening

Rama Tyagi

tyagirama1@Gmail.com 

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